Germanium (Ge)
Germanium is the chemical element with atomic number 32 and symbol Ge. It is a metalloid in period 4, group 14, with a standard atomic weight of 72.63 u.
Key facts
- Z
- 32
- Atomic weight
- 72.63 u
- Category
- metalloid
- State at 298 K
- Solid
- Occurrence
- primordial
- Discovered
- 1886
- CAS
- 7440-56-4
Measured properties
| Property | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Electronegativity | 2.01 | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
| Melting point | 1,211.4 K | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
| Boiling point | 3,106 K | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
| Density stp | 5.323 g/cm³ | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
| Atomic radius empirical | 211 pm | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
| Ionization energy 1st | 762.2 kJ/mol | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
| Electron affinity | 130.3 kJ/mol | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NIH) |
Electron configuration
- Noble gas notation
- [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
- Full notation
- 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 4